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Planting Guide - Common Garden Vegetables

Planting Guide - Common Garden Vegetables

Name                        Latin                         Planting        Planting          Germination            Days to            How        Isolation     Min plants  Seeds per      Usual
                                                                    Depth         Distance           Temp in C        Germination    Pollintated   Distance      Needed        10 gram                    Seed Life

Bean, Bush  A          Phaseolus vulgaris       1 -2”              8”                 15 5 - 8             Self                     6 Meters            25 - 50                                25 - 30                                3 - 4 years 
Bean, Pole   A          Phaseolus vulgaris       1 -2”              6-8”                 15 5 - 8             Self                     800 Meters        25                                       25 - 30                                3 - 4 years 
Bean, Runner  A      Phaseolus coccineus    1 -2”              6-8”                 15 6-14             Self                     800 Meters         25                                        8  -10                                4 - 5 years 
Beet  B                     Beta vulgaris               1/2 -3/4”        4-6”                 10 4 - 10             Wind                   3-8 Kilometers   10                                       450                                   5 - 6 years 
Broccoli                   Brassica oleracea         1/4”              12-18”                 7 3 - 10             Insect                   800 Meters        50                                       1,750                                 4 - 5 years 
Brussels Sprout, B   Brassica oleracea         1/4”              15-20”                 7 3 - 10             Insect                   800 Meters        50                                       1,750                                 4 - 5 years 
Cabbage, B              Brassica oleracea         1/4”              12-18”                 7 4-5             Insect                   800 Meters        50                                       1,750                                 4 - 5 years 
Carrot, B                  Daucus carota              1/4”              2-3”                 7 3 - 10             Insect                   1.5 - 4.5 km       30                                       5,350                                 3 - 4 years 
Cauliflower, B         Brassica oleracea         1/4”              15-18”                 7 3 - 10             Insect                   800 Meters        50                                       2,850                                 4 - 5 years 
Celeriac, Celery, B  Apium graveolens        1/8”              6-10”                 15 10 - 20             Insect                   800 Meters        10                                       17,850                               4 - 5 years 
Corn, A                   Zea  mays                     1 -2”            18”                 15 4 - 7             Wind                   3 kilometers       200                                      50                                     3 - 4 years 
Cucumber,  A         Cucumis sativus           1/2”              12-36”                 15 3 - 7             Insect                   800 Meters        10                                        350                                   6 - 7 years 
Eggplant, A             Solanum melongena    1/4”              18-24”                 24 5 - 7             Self                      15 Meters          10                                       2,150                                 4 - 5 years 
Kale, B                    Brassica oleracea         1/4”              8-24”                 7 3 - 19             Insect                   800 Meters        50                                       2,675                                 4 - 5 years 
Kohlrabi, B             Brassica oleracea          1/4”              8-10”                 7 3 - 10             Insect                   800 Meters        50                                       2,850                                 4 - 5 years 
Leek, B                   Allium ampeloprasum  1/8” -1/4”     3-6”                 4 6 - 12             Insect                   1 1/2 - 3 Km      10 - 20                                3,500                                1 - 2years 
Lettuce, A               Lactuca sativa              1/8”               6-12”                 4 5 - 10             Self                       7 1/2  Meters     10                                       7,100                                2 - 3 years 
Melon, A                Cucumis melo              1/2”              36-48”                 21 5 - 10             Insect                    800 Meters        10                                         280                                 6 - 7 years 
Mustard, A             Brassica juncea            1/4”              8-10”                 10 3 - 7             Insect                   800 Meters         50                                       3,200                                4 - 5 years 
Onion, B                 Allium cepa                 1/8 - 1/4”       3-5”                 10 6 - 12             Insect                    1.5 - 3 Km         10 - 20                                2,500                                 1- 2 years 
Parsley, B               Petroselinum crispum  1/8 - 1/4”       8-12”                 10 21             Insect                    1.5 kilometer     10                                       4,650                                 4 - 5 years 
Parsnip, B               Pastinaca sativa           1/2”              3-6”                 10 21             Insect                    1.5 kilometer      10 - 20                               2,100                                 1 - 2 years 
Pea, A                     Pisum sativum            1 - 2 ”           1-3”                 4 7 - 21             Self                       15  Meters         25 - 50                                 40 - 45                              3 - 4 years 
Pepper, A                Capsicum spp.            1/4 - 1/2”       15-20”                 18 14             Self                       150 Meters        5 - 10                                   1,250                                 2 - 4 years 
Pumpkin, A            Cucurbita pepo           1/2 - 1”         36-48”                 15 4 - 7             Insect                   800 Meters        10                                         50                                      6 - 7 years 
Radish, A               Raphanus sativas        1/4 - 1/2”      2-3”                 7 5             Insect                   800 Meters        50                                        1,070                                 4 - 5 years 
Rutabaga, B           Brassica napus            1/4”               6-8”                 10 3 - 14             Insect                   800 Meters        50                                        1,425                                 4 - 5 years 
Spinach, A             Spinacia  oleracea        1/4 - 1/2“”     8”                 7 7 - 21             Wind                   3-8 Kilometers   10 - 20                                 890                                   3 - 4 years 
Squash, A               Cucurbita spp.            1 - 2”             36-48”                 21 4 - 7             Insect                   800 Meters        10                                        35 - 50                               6 - 7 years 
Swiss Chard, B      Beta vulgaris               1/2 - 3/4”      12-16”                 10 4 - 10             Wind                   3 - 8 Kilometers 10                                        360                                   5 - 6 years 
Tomato, A     Lycopersicon lycopersicum  1/4”              24-48”                 15 5 - 10             Self                     2 Meters             5 - 10                                   3,570                                4 - 5 years 
Turnp, B                Brassica  rapa              1/4”              4 - 8”                 15 3 - 14             Insect                   800 Meters        50                                        1,785                                4 - 5 years 
Watermelon, A      Citrullus lanatus          1 - 2”            36-48”                 21 5 - 10             Insect                   800 Meters        10                                        175                                   5 - 6 years 

Revised, 2013
 

Starting Seeds Indoors

Starting Seeds Indoors

In a good sterile potting mix, moisten soil, fill containers (either pots or flats), tap the side to compact the soil slightly.  Make shallow or deep depressions into the soil with your finger, or some implement, depending on the seed being planted (remember seeds should be planted no deeper that twice the diameter of the seed).  Cover the seed with a little soil and firm to insure good contact between soil and seed.   Water carefully, being sure seeds aren’t exposed or washed out of their soil  Keep soil moist but not wet as the seeds start to germinate.

Seeds require warmth, moisture, and light in addition to soil to grow.  Find a warm spot in the house, the top of the refrigerator or a sunny window sill to start your seeds.  Some seeds need  higher temperatures to germinate (peppers, eggplants) and you may need seedling heating mats with thermostatic control if you don’t have somewhere in your house with these warmer conditions.    Once the seedlings have germinated, they need light.  Remember to turn your plants every day or two so the light doesn’t bend the stems too far in one direction.  Lightly water when the soil surface dries with room temperature water.  Florescent lights suspended over the plants in a warm (21°C) location 5-10cm above the growing tips of the plants is the best situation unless you have a greenhouse.

Pot up seedlings when they have their true leaves into pots to allow for root development.  Do not feed, over-water or over-heat these transplants, just ensure they are planted into a balanced organic potting soil and have sufficient access to even light.    Harden off these transplants by bringing them outside during the day and in at night to accustom them to the outdoors for 3 or 4 days prior to planting into the garden.   Don’t harden plants if it’s too windy or cold.

Plant into the garden, in settled weather, into a shovel scoop hole filled with compost.  It is helpful to ensure plants have sufficient micronutrients by watering in with fish fertilizer, liquid kelp, or something from the ocean which contains those necessary minerals and micronutrients which will help to sustain growth.

Compost

Compost

Use compost to grow and nourish plants. It contains valuable microbes which convert soil, air and water into nutrients for plants. If you don’t have a compost, you should make one, or just have a compost heap which you turn regularly. If you can’t do a compost, buy from a reputable source; some manures could contain harmful herbicides and residues which will mutate the growth of some plants, particularly tomatoes.

Use leaves, grasses, weeds, crop and flower garden trimmings as well as kitchen parings other than meat scraps (which will attract vermin). Turn every week (the compost, that is) to encourage microbial activity, for a minimum of 90 days to ensure good quality. If you can, use a termperature probe to check temperatures, and turn when temperatures fall. Cover if cold or wet, water when dry.

It should form a ball in your fist, but not be dripping wet. Use it to ‘innoculate’ your planting area and transplant holes.